Ranking Major Cities of Punjab, Pakistan: A Multi-Dimensional Sustainability Assessment

Abstract

This study evaluates the sustainability of six major cities in Punjab, Pakistan, through a multi-dimensional assessment spanning from 2003 to 2022. The cities were ranked based on six key dimensions e.g (economy, infrastructure, cultural aspects, resource consumption, environmental factors and social factors) of sustainability by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and an overall ranking was calculated by Composite Indices Scores. The findings reveal that Faisalabad and Bahawalpur exhibit relatively higher sustainability in aggregate scores, while Lahore and Rawalpindi perform poorly. Sargodha (-32.54) and Multan (-6.88) appear moderately under-performer. Bahawalpur and Faisalabad's favorable performance is attributed to lower population density, minimal changes in cultivation areas, reduced pollution levels, and lesser pressure on resources compared to Lahore and Rawalpindi. The study concludes and recommends policies i.e formulation of data driven strategies, modernize infrastructure, to reduce disparities among cities and promote overall development of the province.