The Global Rivalry in Syria and the Security Dilemma in the Middle East

Abstract

This research examines the impact of significant global actors on the conflict's progress, emphasizing the roles of pivotal countries like Iran, Turkey, the United States, and Russia, including regional non-state actors in shaping Syria's path to instability, through research analysis of the complex elements and history of international competition in the Levant, highlighting how outside engagement has progressively transformed and extended Syria via an assessment of projection and diplomatic efforts. Due to its strategic position, rich resources, and cultural importance, Syria has drawn foreign involvement for centuries. It also evaluates the continuous influence of foreign powers on Syria’s political situation. Simultaneously, China's economic efforts pose difficulties for U.S. interests. Using a qualitative method, the study explores the reasons, tactics, and results of foreign involvement in Syria from the perspective of offensive realism. The results demonstrate how these interventions have altered regional power dynamics and intensified the ongoing crisis, particularly following the downfall of Assad’s regime. The research concludes by examining the effects of global rivalry on the region, as well as potential routes to lasting peace in Syria and why the arena will remain open for the influential players.