Exploring the Factors Influencing Gender Disparity in STEM Education: A Comprehensive Analysis of Societal, Cultural, and Economic Impact

Abstract

This research investigates the complex interaction of socio-cultural, economic, and institutional factors that contribute to differences between genders in the educational sector across Pakistan, mainly the province of Punjab, Sindh, and Balochistan. Statistical analysis is used to determine the influence of these factors on educational outcomes. In Pakistan’s rural areas of Punjab, Sindh, and Balochistan, girls face difficulties accessing education due to social norms and gender stereotypes. Additionally, economic obstacles exacerbate inequality for girls in these areas. Biases within institutions persist both overtly and subtly worldwide, affecting teacher-student interactions and curriculum content. To address disparities between genders in education, this study recommends gender-sensitive curricula, increased representation of female teachers, financial support mechanisms, and comprehensive sex education. Mainly, the data is based on the Secondary resources such as TV, Newspapers and Government Website and the data is analysed through Thematic Analysis. Systemic changes are necessary to create inclusive environments where quality education is accessible for all genders. Ultimately this will advance societal progress and promote gender equality.