Social Factors Affecting Maternal Mortality in Quetta: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the social factors of maternal mortality in Quetta using a qualitative approach. Maternal mortality is a major public health issue worldwide, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries. Maternal mortality rates in Pakistan, notably in Balochistan province, remain dangerously high. Data were gathered via seven in-depth, semi-structured interviews with family members of women who died from maternal causes, as well as twelve key informants such as healthcare practitioners. Participants were chosen using purposive sampling. The data were analyzed thematically to identify recurring patterns and societal factors that influence maternal health outcomes. The analysis revealed five major themes including gender inequality and limited decision-making power among women; early and forced marriages that put adolescent girls at high obstetric risk; poverty and financial inaccessibility that delay or prevent access to skilled care; cultural beliefs and a preference for traditional birth attendants over institutional deliveries and insufficient health infrastructure and geographic barriers. The findings can help to shape community-based programs and maternal health policies that are adapted to Baluchistan’s particular socio-cultural setting.