Deciphering Iconographic Symbolism and Spatial Significance: An Evaluation of the Hazuri Bagh Baradari (1818–1819), Lahore's Sikh Architectural Heritage

Abstract

A country’s heritage not only gives it identity but builds a connection between its past and future generations. First, the study investigates the motivation behind the construction of Baradari in the core of Hazuri Bagh, a significant but arguable location of Lahore. Secondly, it highlights the ornamental details by attempting to understand the iconographic symbolism used within this historical monument. Ranjit Singh’s invasion resulted in establishing a Sikh estate in Punjab after the fall of Mughal Empire. The Baradari situated in Hazuri Bagh is an important architectural landmark belonging to that historical period of Subcontinent. The research adopts a qualitative research method based on literature review. It demonstrates that the placement of Baradari within Hazuri Bagh was not coincidental but strategic. It was carefully positioned between two distinguished Mughal monuments, Badshahi Mosque and Lahore Fort, to establish Sikh sovereignty. Further, the analysis of iconographic elements reflects the hybrid nature of Sikh architecture, as they are not only aesthetically pleasing but represents cross-cultural interactions. Hence, Baradari’s location and iconography symbolize Ranjit Singh’s authority and cultural continuity respectively. More research is required to analyse and compare the Sikh architecture in Lahore with other cities of South Asia.