Challenges and Prospects in Exploiting Oil and Gas Resources in KP: Critical Review of Government Policies in the Light of Best International Practices since 2005 and Policy Options

Abstract

This study explores the prospects and challenges of oil and gas exploitation in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan, and to assess the effectiveness of existing government policies. Energy plays a vital role in socio-economic development and modern human activities. Pakistan faces a persistent energy crisis, with heavy reliance on costly imports of oil and gas. Utilizing domestic energy resources is essential for long-term sustainability. This is a library-based study employing descriptive, analytical, and explanatory approaches. It primarily uses secondary data sources to evaluate the energy potential of KP. The findings reveal that KP holds significant oil and gas reserves, offering viable opportunities for energy development. However, multiple challenges—including policy gaps and infrastructural limitations—impede full exploitation. The study suggests revisiting and strengthening government policies, improving infrastructure, and fostering public-private partnerships to enhance the sustainable and efficient use of KP’s energy resources.