Gilgit Baltistan and the Debate on New Provinces: A Comparative Analysis through the Lens of Good Governance

Abstract

The objective of this study is to examine the demand of new provinces in Pakistan, in the light of good governance with special focus on Gilgit-Baltistan. However, this article does not discuss the methods and hurdles. The debate on the demand of new provinces in Pakistan has emerged as a recurring political rhetoric deeply rooted in the longstanding concerns about governance, administrative efficiency and equitable representation. Gilgit-Baltistan remains unique due to exclusion of constitutional rights. A qualitative systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA framework. From 220 identified documents—journal articles, historical records, policy reports, and legal documents—35 met inclusion criteria for thematic analysis. The study finds five themes: governance deficits; political under-representation; administrative restructuring; identity politics; and governance as justification for the new provinces. It recommends that provincial restructuring should prioritize governance reform over political rhetoric and address Gilgit-Baltistan’s constitutional status for inclusive governance and national cohesion.