Media Manipulation or Public Diplomacy: Understanding the Role of Local Media in Shaping Pakistan’s Foreign Policy

Abstract

This study examines the role of media in shaping and communicating Pakistan’s foreign policy. It explores media coverage, the influence of new media, journalist–politician relations, and the challenges faced in reporting foreign affairs. A qualitative research approach was adopted, involving journalists, editors, policy analysts, and foreign affairs experts as respondents. The findings reveal that media significantly influences public opinion and political discourse, particularly on issues such as Kashmir and Pakistan’s stance on Israel. The study also highlights major challenges faced by journalists, including censorship, political pressure, security threats, and limited access to official information, which restrict independent reporting. Moreover, digital and social media have transformed communication by increasing public engagement and accelerating information dissemination, while also contributing to misinformation and polarized narratives. The study concludes that media freedom and professional independence are essential for democratic governance and public trust. It recommends stronger protection for journalists, greater editorial freedom, improved access to information, and responsible use of digital media.