China’s Geopolitical Puzzle: Success in Middle East Mediation, Challenges in the South China Sea

Abstract

This article seeks to explain China’s aspirations in the SCS. China successfully acted as a mediator in the resolution of the Iran-Saudi dispute; nonetheless, the question arises: Why has China been unsuccessful in addressing the South China Sea (SCS) problem? This article offers an analytical framework, by applying the qualitative interpretivist approach, for comprehending China's goals in the SCS. By using the framework, we conclude that China seeks to assert de facto control over the SCS, which entails sovereignty over the contested islands and the capacity to regulate conduct in the adjacent seas. These goals are harmful to U.S. and allied interests. Results suggest that China’s success in the Middle East is attributed to its non-alignment and economic inducements, while assertive action in the SCS exacerbates regional resistance. This article recommends a more cooperative approach in the SCS for improving regional stability.