Demographic Differences in Mental Health Literacy, Mental Health Status, Perceived Stress, Social Support, and Psychological Well-Being Among University Students in Pakistan

Abstract

The present study investigated demographic differences in mental health literacy, perceived stress, anxiety and depression, social support, and psychological well-being among university students in Pakistan. A purposive sampling technique was utilized to collect a sample of 1,664 Pakistani university students from different provinces. Standardized scales used for the measurement of key variables were included as follows: Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale. Statistical analysis showed significant differences by gender, age groups, family systems, and provinces. It was observed that female students had higher stress and psychological distress levels compared to married students, who had a greater perception of social support and psychological well-being. Older students were better at mental health literacy; moreover, there were significant differences between provinces, with metropolis areas being more aware. Recommendations incorporated the need for targeted mental health awareness campaigns and support programs tailored to specific demographic groups within university populations.